Tuberculosis: from the molecular to the collective … and vice versa

Abstract

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has accompanied human history for at least 70,000 years and remains a major public health challenge. Currently, it is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for approximately 4,000 deaths per day. In our country, 16,647 cases were reported in 2024 (35.4/100,000 inhabitants), showing a significant increase compared to the previous year. 

Despite recent advances in molecular diagnostics and the development of new drugs, the challenge continues to intensify. Clear intersectoral policies — encompassing health, education, housing, economy, nutrition, human rights, and gender — are urgently needed to articulate actions in a creative and bold manner. Moving from a molecular to a collective and community-based approach may provide pathways to reduce mortality, prevent transmission, and curb bacterial resistance.